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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Leaf sensor</span></span>
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<p>A <b>leaf sensor</b> is a phytometric device (measurement of <a href="Plant_physiology" title="Plant physiology">plant physiological</a> processes<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) that measures water loss or the water deficit stress (WDS) in plants<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by real-time monitoring the moisture level in plant leaves. An early leaf sensor was developed by LeafSens, an Israeli company granted a <a href="US_patent" class="mw-redirect" title="US patent">US patent</a> for a mechanical leaf thickness sensing device in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> LeafSen has made strides incorporating their leaf sensory technology into citrus orchards in Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A solid state smart leaf sensor technology was developed by the <a href="University_of_Colorado_at_Boulder" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Colorado at Boulder">University of Colorado at Boulder</a> for <a href="NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> in 2007. It was designed to help monitor and control <a href="Farm_water" title="Farm water">agricultural water</a> demand.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> AgriHouse received a <a href="National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a> (NSF) STTR grant in conjunction with the University of Colorado to further develop the solid state leaf sensor technology for precision irrigation control in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Precision_monitoring">Precision monitoring</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_deficit_stress_measurements">Water deficit stress measurements</h3></div>
<p>A Phase I research grant from the National Science Foundation in 2007 showed that the leaf sensor technology has the potential to save between 30% and 50% of irrigation water by reducing irrigation from once every 24 hours to about every 2 to 2.5 days by sensing impending water deficit stress.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leaf sensor technology developed by AgriHouse indicates water deficit stress by measuring the <a href="Turgor_pressure" title="Turgor pressure">turgor pressure</a> of a leaf, which decreases dramatically at the onset of leaf dehydration. Early detection of impending water deficit stress in plants can be used as an input parameter for precision irrigation control by allowing plants to communicate water requirements directly to humans and/or electronic interfaces. For example, a base system utilizing the wirelessly transmitted information of several sensors appropriately distributed over various sectors of a round field irrigated by a center-pivot irrigation system could tell the irrigation lever exactly when and what field sector needs to be irrigated.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Irrigation_control">Irrigation control</h3></div>
<p>In a 2008 USDA sponsored field study AgriHouse's SG-1000 Leaf Sensor attached to dry beans demonstrated a 25% savings of irrigation water and pumping cost.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010 the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado granted AgriHouse Inc an exclusive license of its patented leaf sensor technology.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Precision irrigation monitoring using the SG-1000 leaf sensor and commercial data loggers for irrigation control has been achieved in recent years.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Researchers have found a direct correlation between leaf thickness and Relative Water Content (RWC) of plant leaves using the SG-1000 Leaf Sensor under field conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_and_Energy_Conservation">Water and Energy Conservation</h3></div>
<p>The agriculture sustainability benefits of water and energy savings have been established using the SG-1000 leaf sensor under field conditions and in greenhouses. Plant science researchers and agronomists have utilized the SG-1000 Leaf Sensor for studying the relationship between water content and leaf cell turgidity potential and leaf thickness. Plant leaf characteristics including water potential and osmotic water potential relationships have been studied with the device.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>
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<ul><li><a href="Aeroponics" title="Aeroponics">Aeroponics</a></li>
<li><a href="Agronomy" title="Agronomy">Agronomy</a></li>
<li><a href="Conservation_biology" title="Conservation biology">Conservation</a></li>
<li><a href="Hydroponics" title="Hydroponics">Hydroponics</a></li>
<li><a href="Irrigation" title="Irrigation">Irrigation</a></li>
<li><a href="Plant_physiology" title="Plant physiology">Plant physiology</a></li>
<li><a href="Plant_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Plant science">Plant science</a></li>
<li><a href="Turgor_pressure" title="Turgor pressure">Turgor pressure</a></li></ul>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2></div>
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</style><div id="Hydroculture622" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Hydroculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroculture">Hydroculture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><a href="Historical_hydroculture" title="Historical hydroculture">Historical hydroculture</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Aeroponics" title="Aeroponics">Aeroponics</a></li>
<li><a href="Aquaponics" title="Aquaponics">Aquaponics</a></li>
<li><a href="Aquascaping" title="Aquascaping">Aquascaping</a></li>
<li><a href="Hydroponics" title="Hydroponics">Hydroponics</a>
<ul><li><a href="Passive_hydroponics" title="Passive hydroponics">passive</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subtypes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Water_garden" title="Water garden">Aquatic garden</a></li>
<li><a href="Bottle_garden" title="Bottle garden">Bottle garden</a></li>
<li><a href="Deep_water_culture" title="Deep water culture">Deep water culture</a></li>
<li><a href="Kratky_method" title="Kratky method">Kratky method</a></li>
<li><a href="Ebb_and_flow_hydroponics" title="Ebb and flow hydroponics">Ebb and flow</a></li>
<li><a href="Fogponics" title="Fogponics">Fogponics</a></li>
<li><a href="Microponics" title="Microponics">Microponics</a></li>
<li><a href="Nutrient_film_technique" title="Nutrient film technique">Nutrient film technique</a></li>
<li><a href="Organic_hydroponics" title="Organic hydroponics">Organic hydroponics</a></li>
<li><a href="Organop%C3%B3nicos" title="Organopónicos">Organopónicos</a></li>
<li><a href="Sub-irrigated_planter" title="Sub-irrigated planter">Sub-irrigated planter</a></li>
<li><a href="Drip_irrigation" title="Drip irrigation">Top drip</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Hydroponics#Substrates_(growing_support_materials)" title="Hydroponics">Substrates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Charcoal" title="Charcoal">Charcoal</a></li>
<li><a href="Coco_peat" class="mw-redirect" title="Coco peat">Coco peat</a></li>
<li><a href="Diatomaceous_earth" title="Diatomaceous earth">Diatomaceous earth</a></li>
<li><a href="Expanded_clay_aggregate" title="Expanded clay aggregate">Expanded clay aggregate</a></li>
<li><a href="Gravel" title="Gravel">Gravel</a></li>
<li><a href="Growstones" title="Growstones">Growstones</a></li>
<li><a href="Volcanic_rock" title="Volcanic rock">Lava rock</a></li>
<li><a href="Mineral_wool" title="Mineral wool">Mineral wool</a></li>
<li><a href="Perlite" title="Perlite">Perlite</a></li>
<li><a href="Pumice" title="Pumice">Pumice</a></li>
<li><a href="Rice_hulls" class="mw-redirect" title="Rice hulls">Rice hulls</a></li>
<li><a href="Sand" title="Sand">Sand</a></li>
<li><a href="Vermiculite" title="Vermiculite">Vermiculite</a></li>
<li><a href="Hydroponics#Wood_fiber" title="Hydroponics">Wood fibre</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Accessories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Grow_light" title="Grow light">Grow light</a></li>
<li><a href="Hydroponic_dosers" title="Hydroponic dosers">Hydroponic dosers</a></li>
<li><a href="Irrigation_sprinkler" title="Irrigation sprinkler">Irrigation sprinkler</a></li>
<li><a href="Flowerpot" title="Flowerpot">Net-pot</a></li>
<li><a href="Spray_nozzle" title="Spray nozzle">Spray nozzle</a></li>
<li><a href="Timer#Electromechanical_timers" title="Timer">Timers</a></li>
<li><a href="Ultrasonic_hydroponic_fogger" title="Ultrasonic hydroponic fogger">Ultrasonic hydroponic fogger</a></li>
<li><a href="Water_chiller" title="Water chiller">Water chiller</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Algaculture" title="Algaculture">Algaculture</a></li>
<li><a href="Aquaculture_of_coral" title="Aquaculture of coral">Aquaculture of coral</a></li>
<li><a href="Aquaculture_of_sea_sponges" title="Aquaculture of sea sponges">Aquaculture of sea sponges</a></li>
<li><a href="Controlled-environment_agriculture" title="Controlled-environment agriculture">Controlled-environment agriculture</a></li>
<li><a href="Historical_hydroculture" title="Historical hydroculture">Historical hydroculture</a></li>
<li><a href="Hydroponicum" title="Hydroponicum">Hydroponicum</a></li>
<li><a href="Paludarium" title="Paludarium">Paludarium</a></li>
<li><a href="Plant_nutrition" title="Plant nutrition">Plant nutrition</a></li>
<li><a href="Plant_propagation" title="Plant propagation">Plant propagation</a></li>
<li><a href="Rhizosphere" title="Rhizosphere">Rhizosphere</a></li>
<li><a href="Root_rot" title="Root rot">Root rot</a></li>
<li><a href="Vertical_farming" title="Vertical farming">Vertical farming</a></li>
<li><a href="Water_aeration" title="Water aeration">Water aeration</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> <b>Category</b></li>
<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Hydroculture" class="extiw external" title="commons:Hydroculture">Commons</a></b></li>
<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> <b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Hydroculture" class="extiw external" title="b:Hydroculture">Wikibooks</a></b></li>
<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> <b><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Hydroculture" class="extiw external" title="wikiversity:Hydroculture">Wikiversity</a></b></li></ul>
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